杂乱的书桌

欢迎来到“杂乱的书桌”每天准时为你带来的VOA听写，本期的慢速VOA是学习障碍的新闻第一部分，标准VOA则是关于开源软件在非洲的新闻的第二部分。还犹豫什么，赶紧和Hugh一起加入到学习英语，锻炼听写的队伍中来吧！

慢速VOA听得不错，只有一个地方有问题，漏掉了一个is，看来检查的时候应该更小心点，总是因为简单就不在乎，难了就搞不定，什么人嘛，哎！同时也没有什么生词，长度较以往也短了些，总之很简单的！今天的标准VOA也是难度相对低一些，容易出现的问题还是在一些连接的部分，无论是句子连接还是单词连读的地方，会容易露掉一些小词。比较顺利，这几天因为多选了点课，时间比较紧，都没有来得及更新别的文章，不过还好VOA听写仍然在坚持中！

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题目: Three Schools for the Learning Disabled (1/2)

专有名词: Hillside School, Pennsylvania, Kathy Green

重点总结: N/A

原文

In the United States, federal law requires public schools to provide special education services to children with any disability. Specialists commonly provide these services while the children attend the same schools and often the same classes as other students.

But today we look at three private school that serve only students with learning disabilities.

The Hillside school in Pennsylvania accept up to 128 children. The students are ages 5 to 13. They have disorders with language, writing or working with numbers. They may also have attention deficits disorders.

Each class has no more than 8 students. Hillside administrator say the main goal is to prepare students to learn effectively in a regular school. Teachers and specialists develop individual learning plans for the students which is something a public school may also do.

Development director Kathy Green says most students remain at Hillside for about 3 years before leaving for a regular classroom setting.

译文

在美国，联邦法律要求公立学校为有残疾缺陷的儿童提供特殊的教育服务。这些学生和其他的学生上同样的学校，进入同样的班级，但通常有专家为他们提供专门的服务。

今天我们来看看三所只招收患有学习障碍的学生的私立学校。

位于宾夕法尼亚 州的Hillside学校招收了128名儿童。这些学生的年龄都在5到13岁之间。他们当中有些在语言、书写或者数字等方面存在问题。他们中有些也可能患有注意力缺陷障碍。

每个班级的学生都不超过8名。Hillside的管理人员说，最主要的目的是让学生们在进入正规学校后能够进行有效的学习。老师和专家们为这些学生制定了个人学习计划，这和一些公立学校的做法是一样的。

开发总监Kathy Green说，大部分学生在前往正规学校之前都会在Hillside学习3年左右.

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题目: Experts: Free Open Source Software Could Help African Development (2/2)

专有名词: Hassan N’diaye

重点总结: in the long run（最后，长远）

原文

By having access to this source code, it gives them power that they would not otherwise have. And that power, when you don’t have access to the source code, is taken away from you. So, how do we make people understand that free and open software is much about democracy as it is about technology.

Government officials of the conference say they hope free and open source software will allow them to use computers in more of their work to increase efficiency and in the long run save money. Student said they hope learning to write computer source code will give them advantage in job markets where there are few opportunities from employment.

Hassan N’diaye is a university student who attended the conference. He says he believes open source software could be helpful for students like himself. But he says that when he watches European students walking around with personal laptop computers, he realize the software is not enough. He still can not afford the price of computer or an internet connection. But he said at least it is a start.

译文

“获取源代码给予他们从其他途径无法获得的力量。当你无法获取源代码时，那种力量也会消失。因此，我们如何才能使人们明白免费开源软件不仅与科技相关，同样也与民主有关。”

与会的政府官员称，他们希望免费开源软件可以使他们在更多的工作中使用计算机，提高效率，最终达到节省开支的目的。学生说，他们希望通过学习编写计算机代码是他们在工作机会不多的就业市场中脱颖而出。

Hassan N’diaye是参加会议的一位大学生。他表示他相信免费开源软件对他这样的学生很有帮助。但是，他又说，当他看到欧洲学生随身携带个人手提电脑时，他认识到仅有软件是不够的。他仍然负担不起一台电脑和网络连接的费用。但是他表示，至少，这是一个开始。

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欢迎来到“杂乱的书桌”每天准时为你带来的VOA听写，本期的慢速VOA是脑膜炎疫苗的新闻第一部分，标准VOA则是关于美国总统候选人的新闻的第三部分。还犹豫什么，赶紧和Hugh一起加入到学习英语，锻炼听写的队伍中来吧！

今天的慢速VOA中，因为是有关留疾病的新闻，所以像疫苗，传播等等的词汇可以学到几个，也是非常有用的。对于处理想脑膜炎，hib细菌这些词的时候，听到了知道是疾病，是细菌就可以了，并不影响整个的听写。今天的标准VOA当中，主要是关于美国大选总统候选人的问题，所以了解候选人的名字，以及一些词汇是应该从这里学到的东西，像总统候选人提名一类的词语。另外听写标准VOA，总是有很多的小错误，实在很是郁闷；而且各别听不出来尽管不影响理解，但是依然不够好。

Hugh准备吃饭上课去了，大家没有听写的赶紧吧！如果你也进行了今天的听写，欢迎你和Hugh一起探讨，挑错！

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题目: Vaccine a Big Success Against Meningitis in Uganda (1/2)

专有名词: Meningitis（脑膜炎）, Hib, Haemophilus（细菌名）, Uganda（乌干达）

重点总结: spinal, vaccine, widespread

原文

Meningitis is an infection of the tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord. Both bacteria and viruses can cause it. Viral meningitis is the more comman form, but bacterial meningitis is more dangerous.

Each year, almost four hundred thousand children under the age of 5 die from meningitis caused by a bacterium known as Hib. Millions more suffer hearing loss, brain damage or other disabilities as a result of the disease.

Hib, or Haemophilus influenzae type B require intensive treatment with antibiotics. But most of the children are poorer and live in developing countries. Hib vaccines for babies have been available since 1991. But for most that time, their use were limited to industrial countries, mostly because of cost.

Uganda began widespread child vaccinations against Hib in 2002. Now a study has found that in areas where cases were counted, the disease rate fell by 85 percent in the first 4 years. Then it fell to zero in 2006.

译文

脑膜炎是一种覆盖大脑以及脊髓的组织感染疾病。细菌和病毒都可以导致脑膜炎。病毒型脑膜炎更常见，而细菌型脑膜炎则比较危险。

每年，大约40万的5岁以下儿童死于由Hib引起的细菌性脑膜炎。成百万的儿童因为患有脑膜炎而遭受如听力丧失，大脑损伤或其它残疾。

Hib即b型流感嗜血杆菌，需要进行强化的抗生素治疗。但是多数儿童很贫困，生活在发展中国家里。尽管针对婴儿的Hib疫苗早在1991年就已问世，但多数时候, 主要由于成本的原因，这些疫苗仅在工业国家内使用。

2002年，乌干达开始广泛接种抗Hib的儿童疫苗。现在，通过对发病地区的统计，一项研究发现使用疫苗之后前四年发病率就下降了85%,到2006年就彻底消除了。

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题目: State Department Acknowleges Presidential Candidates’ Passport File Breached (3/3)

专有名词: Richardson, Ron Walters, University of Maryland, Pennsylvania

重点总结: pivotal（关键的）, publicity（没听出来）, stem（堵住）,poll（没想到呢，笨！）, contender（竞争者）, step up（走近，提升）

原文

Richardson dropped out of the Democratic presidential race in January, and had previously served in cabinet postions in the Clinton’s administration.

Political analysts say the Richardson endorsement could help Obamda win over more so-called super delegates. Democratic Party activists and office holders who will attend the national nominating convention in August as uncomitted delegates.

Ron Walters is a professor of government and politics at the University of Maryland.

“This comes at a pivotal time, because Barack Obama has been suffering from some negative publicity. And for a governor to step up and endorse him gives confidence to the other party leaders that they are moving in the right direction.

The Clinton’s campaign hope to stem the flow of Super Delegates to Obama with a strong showing in the Pennsylvania primary on April 22 while recent poll give her a sizeable lead.

Obama continues to lead the delegates count, but neither contender will be able to secure the party nomination before the August convention without considerable support from uncomitted super delegates.

译文

Richardson在一月份宣布退出民主堂的总统候选人竞选，此前他在克林顿政府的内阁就职。

政治分析家认为，Richardson的支持可能会帮助Obama争取到更多所谓的超级代表，民主党活动家以及政府官员的支持，而这些人在8月份将作为未表态的代表出席全国提名大会。

Ron Walters是马里兰大学的一名政府政治学教授。

“这恰好发生在这样的关键时刻，因为此前Barack Obama一直受到负面宣传的影响，此时一个州长的出现以及支持将会给其他党派领导人以信心，表明他们正走在正确的方向上。

Clinton的竞选集团则希望通过Hillary在4月22日，宾夕法尼亚州初选上的强劲表现阻止这些超级代表流向Obama，宾夕法尼亚州最新的民意调查显示Hillary明显处于领先位置。

Obama在获得的代表数量上依然保持领先，但是如果他们都没有得到这些未表态的超级代表们的大量支持的话，在8月的全国提名大会之前，两位候选人都不能保证获得党内的提名。

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欢迎来到“杂乱的书桌”每天准时为你带来的VOA听写，本期的慢速VOA是清洁型厨灶的新闻第一部分，标准VOA则是关于美国总统候选人的新闻的第一部分。还犹豫什么，赶紧和Hugh一起加入到学习英语，锻炼听写的队伍中来吧！

简单总结，今天的慢速VOA中，没有太多的困难，我想很长时间以来，慢速VOA的难度都没有太大，所以以后应该考虑在听写的正确率以及实践上面进行提高，另外学习里面的一些表达也很重要。今天的标准VOA当中，主要是关于美国大选总统候选人的问题，所以了解候选人的名字，以及一些词汇是应该从这里学到的东西，像总统候选人提名一类的词语。另外在这种标准语速下听写，经常出现认识的词听不出来，应该想想是自己平时发音的问题，还是听力确实不好。动词的时态，单复数经常出现问题。

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题目: Building a Better Cook Stove for the World’s Poor(1/2)

专有名词: Envirofit, Shell Foundation, Martha Kohlhagen, Colorado

重点总结: pilot project（试点工程）

原文

Breathing smoke from cooking stove or open fires is a comman cause of lung infections in developing coutries. Indoor air pollution is blamed for an estimate 4000 deaths everyday, mostly woman and children. A non-profit group based in the American state of Colorado is working to save lives. Researchers at Envirofit International have developed an clean-burning cook stove that uses less fuel and reduces smoke.

They say it cuts the smoke and dangerous gases by up to 80% compared to open fires or simple traditional stoves. The cook stove was designed to produce the greatest amount of heat in the shortest amount of time and with the least amount of fuel. It can burn wood, animal waste or crop waste.

The Shell Foundation has formed a partnership with Envirofit to market the cook stoves. The British Charity established by the Shell group in the year 2000 has invested 10,000,000 dollars in a pilot project for India.

Martha Kohlhagen at Envirofit tells us as many as 10,000,000 stoves will be sent to southern India by the end of this year. She says the stoves are being manufactured in China and will begin arriving in May.

译文

在发展中国家，吸入烹饪或者明火产生的烟雾是导致肺部感染的常见病因。据估计，室内空气污染每天会导致4000人死亡，其中主要是妇女和儿童。成立于美国科罗拉多州的一个非赢利性组织正在努力挽救生命。Envirofit International的研究人员发明了一种能够节省燃料，同时减少烟雾的清洁型厨灶。

他们表示相对于明火和传统的厨灶，这款厨灶减少了高达80%的油烟和有害气体。它能够用最少的燃料，在最短的时间内产生最多的热量。燃料可以是木材、动物排泄物以及农作物废物。

Shell Foundation与Envirofit合作出售这款厨灶。由Shell Group在2000年建立的British Charity已经为印度的一个试点工程投资了1000万美元。
来自Envirofit的Marth Kohlhagen告诉我们多达1000万的厨灶将在今年年底被送往印度南部。她表示这些厨灶是在中国生产的，将从五月开始运达印度。

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题目: State Department Acknowledges Presidential Candidates’ Passport Files Breached (1/3)

专有名词: Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, Oregon, John Macain, Sean McCormack

重点总结: reprimand（谴责，惩戒）, presidential nominee,

原文

The State Department first announced that the passport file of Senator Barack Obama had been breached three time since January this year. The department said that two contract workers were dismissed in connection with those incidents, and a third was reprimanded.

A department spokesman later acknowledged that Senator Hillary Clinton’s file had also been breached last year. Campaigning in Oregon, Obama told reporters that he expects a full and thorough congressional investigation.

“One of the things the American people count on in their interactions with any level of government is that they have to disclose personal information that is, that stay personal and stay private.”

State Department spokesman Sean McCormack also said that one of the contract workers who had accessed Senator Obama’s file had also improperly breach the file of the presumptive Republican Presidential Nominee, Senator John Macain.

Macain was travelling in France and said the breach incidents requires an apology and a full investigation. “United States of America values everyone’s privacy corrective action should be taken.

Spokesman McCormack said that State Department’s offce of inspector general is already investigating the incidents and where they were politically motivated.

译文

美国国务院首次宣布自今年1月起，参议员Barack Obama的护照档案被侵入三次。国务院称参与该事件的两名合同工已被开除，另一名已被惩戒。

一位国务院发言人不久后承认，参议员Hillary Clinton的护照档案在去年也被侵入。Obama正在奥勒冈州参加竞选活动，他向记者表示，他希望就此事件有一个全面完整的国会调查。

“美国人民关心的其中一件事是，在他们与各级政府机构的互动中，是否需要透露个人信息，而这些信息应该保证是个人的隐私的。”

国务院发言人Sean McCormack也表示，一位侵入议员Obama档案的合同工也不正当地侵入了可能成为共和党总统候选人的参议员John McCain的档案。

McCain正在法国旅行，他表示这次档案侵入事件需要道歉和彻查。“美国重视每个公民的隐私，因此必须采取纠正措施。”

发言人McCormack称国务院检查长办公室已就此事展开调查，并确定涉案人员是否有政治动机。

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欢迎来到“杂乱的书桌”每天准时为你带来的VOA听写，本期的慢速VOA是垃圾堆变葡萄园这一新闻的第二部分，标准VOA则是关于不发达地区的音乐教育的新闻的第三部分。还犹豫什么，赶紧和Hugh一起加入到学习英语，锻炼听写的队伍中来吧！

今天是听写的第11天。今天的慢速VOA中，由于是将葡萄酒相关的内容，出现了几个葡萄的品种；同时还有几个意大利的地名以及人名。这些当中能记住Pisa（比萨）就差不多了。没有什么明显的难点。今天的标准VOA当中，依然是口音的问题，不过经过昨天的练习之后今天已经适应多了。如果有心的话不妨记住Irish Jigs这个舞蹈，还有Xhosa这种语言。这篇听写的难点还是在一些小词，连读的地方。听写中不认识的词今天处理的不错，基本上没有打扰正常的听写感觉。

Hugh已经将第11天的任务完成了，相信看到这篇文章的时候，国内的朋友已经是在下午了，大家赶紧行动起来，开始今天的听写吧!

题目: Home of Closed Landfill Now Aims for Smell of Fine Wine (2 of 2)

地名: Staten Island,  Tuscany, Crespina, Ithaca,Cornell University,  University of Pisa,

人名: Henry Salmon, Piergiorgio Casterllani,

其他: sauvignon, merlot, sangiovese（三者均为葡萄的品种）

音频下载: 下载地址 (来自沪江论坛)

Several years ago, four business leaders decided to do something about it. They formed the Founders' Group. One of them, Henry Salmon, recalls growing grapes on a friend's farm while growing up on Staten Island.
Last November, to get ideas, the group went to Italy. They visited a winemaking town in Tuscany. Crespina, with about four thousand people, became a sister city to Staten Island. And Tuscan winemaker, Piergiorgio Casterllani, become a technical advisor to the project.
Advices has also come from others, including experts at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York and the University of Pisa in Italy. The grapes chosen for the Staten Island climate and soil include sauvignon, merlot, and sangiovese.
Plans call for 2000 vines on land that Henry Salmon says was once used for a retirement home for sailors. The vineyard will be organic. No chemical pesticides will be used. Compost made from leaves and organic materials, collected from City Parks will serve as fertilizer.
If all goes well, the Tuscan Garden Vineyard Project on Staten Island should have its first wines ready in a few years , The wine will not be sold, plans for using it as tasting and special events.

译文：

几年前，有4个企业家决定做点什么。他们成立了“创始人团体”，Henry Salmon便是其中之一，他回忆起以前在Staten Island长大时在一个朋友家的农场里种植葡萄的情景。为了取经，该团体于去年11月前往意大利。他们参观了Tuscany的一个酿酒小镇，这个有着4000人口的Crespina成了Staten Island的姐妹城市，并且Tuscan的酿酒师Piergiorgio Castellani也成为该项目的技术顾问。他们同时也得到了其他的专家建议，其中包括来自于纽约伊萨卡岛的康奈尔大学的专家和意大利比萨大学的专家。被选择出来适合Staten Island气候和土壤的葡萄有sauvignon, merlot, 以及sangiovese。按照计划在这块地上将种植2000株葡萄树，据Henry Salmon称，该地曾计划用来为海员建立一个“退休之家”。葡萄园将实行有机肥耕作，不使用任何化学杀虫剂。混合肥料都取自于树叶和其他从城市公园收集来的可以用作肥料的有机材料。如果一切进展良好，Staten Island的“Tuscan 葡萄园项目”将在几年内酿造出第一批葡萄酒。这些酒不会销售，而是用于品尝以及一些特别场合。

题目: Disadvantaged Student Near Cape Town Excel in Music Program (3 of 3)

地名：Hout Bay

人名：Vuyisani, Luyanda,

其他：Irish Jigs（爱尔兰快步舞）, Tango, Xhosa（a Bantu language closely related to Zulu）

重点：upbringing（没听出来）,

音频下载: 下载地址(来自沪江论坛)

“We play a whole mix of, a huge range of music, from classical to African, to Irish Jigs to Tango. We really explore musical territory.”
The children seem very much involved and enjoy what they are doing. The goal of the project is to provide opportunities to children from poorer communities.
The aim is for them to express their communities and ethnic groups through music and the performing arts. They perform most of songs in Xhosa, songs that talk about their cultures and upbringing. Some of the children such Vuyisani are as young as seven years old. “My name is Vuyisani. I am playing drums.” “I am Luyanda, I am fifteen. I play the cello and I am the lead singer.”
The project has gained enormous support from Hout Bay community. It earns fees from increasing number of performances, foreign donors and local donors.
The Hout Bay music project currently practices at the community hall. But that might change as a private funder is planning to build them a musical school. The project also plans to tour other parts of South Africa, and also release a CD this year or early in 2009.

译文：

“我们演奏各种音乐，古典的，非洲的，爱尔兰快步舞曲，探戈舞曲等等，真正的探索了音乐的多个领域。”孩子们似乎乐在其中。项目的目的是为在贫穷社区生活的孩子提供机会。目标是通过音乐和艺术表演的形式来展现他们所在的群体。他们表演的大多数歌曲是Xhosa语言的，描写了他们的文化以及成长。很多像Vuyisani一样的孩子只有7岁。(……省略一段采访内容……）项目得到了Hout Bay社区的广泛支持。这个项目通过不断增加的演出次数和国内外的捐助来维持运作。HBMP现在在社区的礼堂排练，但因为一个私人基金计划为他们建立一所音乐学校，这种情况可能会改变。他们还计划去南非的其他地方，并在今年或明年年初发行CD。

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